Electrical conductivity Totally Explained

Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity σ is defined as the ratio of the current density $mathbf$

where ť σ_T′ is the electrical conductivity at a common temperature, T′

   σ_T is the electrical conductivity at a measured temperature, T ť α is the temperature compensation slope of the material,

   T is the measured absolute temperature, ť T′ is the common temperature.

The temperature compensation slope for most naturally occurring waters is about 2 %/°C, however it can range between (1 to 3) %/°C. This slope is influenced by the geochemistry, and can be easily determined in a laboratory.
   At extremely low temperatures (not far from absolute 0 K), a few materials have been found to exhibit very high electrical conductivity in a phenomenon called superconductivity.

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